Monday, June 1, 2015

Is India's growth exaggerated?; Slow productivity growth as a global problem; The art of networking

1 Is India growth exaggerated? (Soutik Biswas on BBC) Last week, India announced growth figures which would make the world envious. Asia's third-largest economy grew 7.5% in the three months ending in March, higher than the previous quarter and above expectations. Forecasts were for growth of about 7.3% for the period compared with a year earlier.

But the new figures have come at a time when Indian companies are at their weakest in two years. Earnings are flat and profits are down. Most major industries, including infrastructure and automobiles, are struggling. Historically, when India's growth has hit 7.5% at constant prices, corporate revenues and profits have soared above 14% on average. So how does the economy grow so fast when corporate growth is so slow?

A month after the government declared a new way of calculating GDP, India baffled experts in February when it announced 7.5% growth between October and December compared with the same period a year earlier. The latest figures again raise questions about the new way.

Economists such as R Nagaraj say the new and higher figures "seem quite at odds with other economic indicators such as growth in bank credit, the index of industrial production and corporate performance". Even the government's Economic Survey earlier this year found the new growth figures "somewhat puzzling" when compared to the falling savings, investments and exports.

India's economy is a complex beast. There's a thriving "underground" or black economy which evades taxes, while more than 90% of India's workers are employed by small businesses which employ less than 10 workers. Economist Arvind Virmani calls this India's "growth puzzle". He says this can be explained by the "extremely dualistic nature of the Indian economy". On the one hand, it has a small organised sector comprising mainly large state-run companies. On the other, it has a large, unorganised and informal sector, catering exclusively to its vast domestic market.

Dr Virmani says the collapse of global demand and excess capacity in goods and services have had a negative effect on globally integrated industries in all countries. "In India it means certain high quality, high skill segments of the organised, corporate sector. Thus Indian corporate sector growth is likely to lag, rather than lead India's growth recovery."


2 Slow productivity growth as a global problem (Sam Fleming & Chris Giles in Straits Times) Even as US manufacturers adopt automation as part of their fightback against offshoring to Asia, productivity growth across the economy is at a near-standstill. A similar picture is being played out across the world, exposing the most pressing problem in the world economy today.

Only India and sub-Saharan Africa seem to be immune from slowing productivity growth. Economists are increasingly alarmed because slower improvements in efficiency will lead to a fall in living standards and less solid public finances. Weakness in productivity growth in recent years lies at the heart of why advanced nations have remained in a low-growth rut since the financial crisis, even as unemployment has fallen.

New data from The Conference Board think-tank show that average labour productivity growth in mature economies slowed to 0.6 per cent last year from 0.8 per cent in 2013, as a result of ebbing performances in the US, Japan and Europe. Faced with rapidly ageing populations and slowing employment growth, mature economies need to boost productivity sharply if they are to escape stagnating living standards.

In the US, productivity growth began to ebb in 2005. Even in emerging economies, where efficiency is catching up, the rate of growth has slowed. Optimists counter that it is just a matter of time before we see an upsurge in productivity, pointing to innovation in American IT hubs such as Silicon Valley.

Some argue that the easiest targets for technological progress have already been met. But others say the world is on the cusp of a machine-driven growth spurt, where driverless cars and robots will replace people. Without a return to the former productivity patterns in advanced economies, growth will be permanently lower, as will government revenues.


3 The art of networking (Rasheed Ogunlaru in The Guardian) A ComRes poll for the British Library shows that 62% of British adults have never attended a networking event. And if we do try to network, we don’t enjoy it – half of those surveyed (51%) describe feeling uncomfortable while networking.

Despite these anxieties, the research demonstrates that networking works. With input from some of our British Library ambassadors, here’s some advice to help you get over your fears and start networking effectively:

Entering a room full of strangers can be a difficult experience. Be prepared and have a strategy to help you focus. Before you go, list the types of contacts, connections, support and suppliers that you need, and check if anyone will be there who can help you. Networking is not about coldly going out, shoving business cards into people’s hands and selling. Serial entrepreneur Shazia Awan says: “Networking should be about building a quick rapport – it should be informal, brief, interesting and leave people wanting to know more.”

Of those surveyed, 51% felt anxious about not knowing anyone and 42% were worried about introducing themselves to new people. There are tried-and-tested tactics here, for example going through the list of attendees in advance and having a short elevator pitch of who they are and what they do but the most effective way is to bite the bullet, and get talking.

Be a connector and an introducer and help others – opportunities will often follow. Awan says: “People will always remember who pointed them in the right direction, who put them in touch with someone useful and if and when the time arises they will happily do the same for you.” And finally, follow up, and follow up promptly, or risk losing all of your hard work.

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