Friday, September 4, 2015

Canada, Australia feel squeeze of China slowdown; US adds 173,000 jobs in August; Over 2.1m displaced by Boko Haram in Nigeria

1 Canada, Australia feel squeeze of China slowdown (Heather Stewart, Calla Wahlquist & Jared Lindzon in The Guardian) In 2011, the iron ore-rich Pilbara region of north-west Australia was on the frontier of a 21st century gold rush, this time with iron ore as the main prize – driven by China’s formidable appetite for natural resources to build up its infrastructure and modernise its economy.

Pilbara boasted salaries two-thirds higher than the national average and almost 80% of workers were flown into their jobs from Australia’s big cities. Now, mortgaged to the hilt on homes that lost value almost before the paint had dried, the mineworkers that remain are accepting longer hours and lower wages in an effort to keep up with the repayments.

Their plight resonates thousands of miles away in Calgary, Canada. Oil, not iron ore, has been the foundation of that city’s prosperity. But fears that China’s appetite for natural resources is waning are sapping confidence; and as oil prices have plunged, another property boom could soon turn to bust.

Official figures showed last week that Canada’s economy has now slipped into recession, having recorded two successive quarters of negative growth and confirming the weakness that the prime minister, Stephen Harper – who is fighting a tough re-election battle, has been reluctant to confront.

Like Australia, Canada weathered the financial crash of 2008 well, avoiding the banking crises suffered by the US, UK and the eurozone, instead growing fast on the back of exports of abundant natural resources. But as the price of natural resources has dropped over the past twelve months, both countries have been hit hard. Their currencies have plunged, growth has slowed or ground to a halt and economists are warning that there may be worse to come.

The experience of both countries is reminiscent of a syndrome economists call Dutch disease: the dark side of the riches that can flow from abundant natural resources. When demand for natural resources is strong workers, investment and political attention pour into extracting and exporting the precious stuff. It is in the downswings that the resilience of resource-rich economies is seriously tested. Shifting an economy from one source of growth to another, in this instance from natural resource extraction to services exports, is rarely a smooth process.


2 US adds 173,000 jobs in August (BBC) The US added 173,000 jobs in August, the Department of Labor has said, in the last unemployment report before September's interest rate decision by the Federal Reserve. That was below the 217,000 predicted by analysts, although the Labor Department said that figures for August tend to be revised higher subsequently.

The unemployment rate fell to 5.1% - down from the July figure of 5.3%. The rate is the lowest since April 2008. The weaker-than-expected August number could make Fed officials think twice about increasing rates when they meet on 16-17 September.

On Twitter, BBC economics editor Robert Peston said it was "inconceivable" that the Fed would now raise rates this month given the jobs data and slowdown in emerging markets such as China.


3 Over 2m displaced by Boko Haram in Nigeria (Johannesburg Times) Over 2.1 million people are internally displaced in northeast Nigeria after a spike in a six-year insurgency by the Boko Haram group, the International Organization for Migration has said, revising a previous figure of 1,5 million.

More than 1,000 people have died in Boko Haram attacks since May 29 when President Muhammadu Buhari came to power. The IOM said the majority of those displaced by the violence (92%) now live in host communities while the remainder live in camps or camp-like sites, adding that the victims were in dire need of food and shelter.

Attacks by Boko Haram, which seeks to impose a strict Islamic system in northern Nigeria, have killed at least 15,000 people since 2009. The extremists have carried out deadly ambushes across Nigeria's borders and in recent weeks suicide bombers, many of them women, have staged several attacks in Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad.

An 8,700-strong Multi-National Joint Task Force, drawing in Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon and Benin, is expected to deploy against the insurgents soon.


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